Kurân Tarihi Kaynakları

<jats:p>Sources of The History of the Qurân Sources of the German Orientalist Nöldekes Book Geschichte des Qorâns (History of the Qurân) Geschichte des Qorâns is a book on the history of the Qurân written by Theodor Nöldeke and completed over a period approaching a century through the contributions of Friedrich Schwally, Gotthelf Bergsträßer and Otto Pretzl, scholars belonging to the Nöldeke school. All three authors contributed not only to the content of the work but also enriched it through the wide range of sources they incorporated. This study examines the extensive body of sources cited in Geschichte des Qorâns, numbering close to five hundred. The principal source of our research is the second edition of Geschichte des Qorâns (Leipzig: Dieterichsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1909- 1919-1938), completed through the contributions of Nöldeke and the three aforementioned scholars. Besides consulting the first edition of the book, published by Nöldeke in 1860, this study also draws upon the works of Bergsträßer and Pretzl, whose scholarly contributions to the Qurân and the qirâʾât include significant critical editions and original research. With a few exceptions, all of the sources mentioned in this study were consulted, and nearly all of the articles that constitute an important part of the books references were also accessed. While preparing this study, we additionally referred to works published after the appearance of the three volume edition in 1938. The study consists of an introduction and two chapters. The first chapter examines Islamic sources, while the second chapter deals with Western sources. Under the category of Islamic sources, manuscript copies of the Qurân preserved in museums and libraries, particularly in Istanbul, Berlin, Gotha and several other cities, are discussed. Furthermore, the sources of Geschichte des Qorâns are presented under the headings of Qurânic exegesis (tafsîr), Qurânic sciences (ʿulūm al-Qurʾân), hadith, prophetic biography (sîra), history, biographical literature (ṭabaqât), geography, bibliography, lexicography, grammar, general viii culture, literature, dictionaries, Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), creed (ʿaqâʾid), ethics, and polemical refutations. Both manuscript and printed editions of some of these sources have been examined. In the second chapter, under the general heading of Western sources, the books and a significant number of article references cited in Geschichte des Qorâns are presented. These include works on, foremost, the Bible and the Talmud, as well as studies on the Qurân and hadith, sîra and history, linguistics, literature, paleography, travel accounts, memoirs, and various other subjects. With the exception of one or two minor errors, it may generally be said that quotations in Geschichte des Qorâns have been cited accurately, information has been presented objectively, and sources have been used effectively. Geschichte des Qorâns served as a pioneering work for later research in the West, especially in Germany, on the Qurân, linguistics, and other related fields, and it has left behind a rich treasury of sources for subsequent scholarship. Keywords: Tafsîr; History of the Qurân; Mushaf; Orientalism; Nöldeke; Geschichte des Qorâns; Sources</jats:p>