İbn Rüşd’ün Batı Felsefesindeki Mirası

<jats:p>Ibn Rushd’s Heritage in Western PhilosophyrnIbn Rushd grew up in Andalusia as a versatile Islamic thinker. Ibn Rushd’s knowledge of both religious and theoretical sciences made him unique in later periods. Although it has never received the recognition it deserves in the Islamic world, it has been one of the leading drivers of change, transformation and intellectual revolution for Western civilization. Ibn Rushd’s sudden fall from grace in Andalusia and the burning of his works, which he had written with hard work and which also built his commitment to Islam, limited his influence in the Islamic world. On the other hand, the demographics of the place of exile, the presence of Jews among his students, and the strong recommendation of Moses Maimonides, the so-called “Second Moses”, gave Ibn Rushd a tremendous reputation within the Jewish community. For this reason, Ibn Rushd attracted the attention of Jewish scholars while he was still alive. Shortly after his death, almost all of his works were translated into Hebrew. These studies, which started with the Tibbon family, gained momentum and continued for years. Moreover, his works have not only been translated, but also extensively commented upon. In this context, what Ibn Rushd did to Aristotle’s acquis, Jewish thinkers did to Ibn Rushd’s works. He replaced Aristotle in Jewish thought. Ibn Rushd became one of the most important figures read, discussed and commented upon among Jews. Thus, schools of thought were formed around his views and thoughts. Ibn Rushd shaped the thought of Jewish thinkers in many areas such as ontology, epistemology, ethics and politics, the relationship between religion and philosophy, and logic.rnAnother civilization that Ibn Rushd influenced was the Christian Western society. The Christian West, which generally preferred to resist Muslims, underwent a paradigm shift after the 12th century. Although Westerners continued to clash politically and militarily, they acted with an intellectual consciousness in transferring the acquis of Islamic civilization to their own societies in intellectual and scientific developments. Frederick II and Alfonso X, the so-called “Wise King”, played a major role here. In this process of transmission, it is seen that Ibn Rushd is mostly utilized. Because reading Ibn Rushd is a necessary way to understand Aristotle in the West. In this context, Ibn Rushd was discussed early on and for a long time in many universities such as Paris, Oxford, Bologna, Padua, Salerno, etc. He pioneered the formation of a school called the Latin Averroists. For this reason, Ibn Rushd was subjected to harsh criticism for some of the ideas of this school, even though they did not belong to him. On the other hand, on many philosophical problems, he shaped the thought of dozens of Christian thinkers, most notably Albert the Great and his student Thomas Aquinas. For this reason, Ibn Rushd played a decisive role in the Renaissance, which heralded a great change in the West.rnKeywords: Islamic Philosophy, Jewish Philosophy, Christian Philosophy, Andalusia, Ibn Rushd, Influence</jats:p>