Abstract
<jats:p>This paper presents a comparative analysis of strategic planning-based management models in higher education institutions, focusing on the cases of Turkey, the United Kingdom, and Germany. It examines the legal frameworks, implementation mechanisms, stakeholder engagement, and performance-based evaluation criteria in each country. The findings indicate that the effectiveness of strategic management is closely linked to institutional autonomy, transparent accountability, and robust monitoring systems. Countries with well-integrated elements of these practices achieve more effective governance outcomes in higher education.</jats:p>
Show More
Keywords
strategic
management
higher
education
paper