Abstract
<jats:p>This legal-humanitarian study examines the situation of Yemeni internally displaced persons, refugees, and asylum seekers between 2014 and 2026. It analyzes the legal distinctions between internal displacement, refugee status, asylum seeking, migration, and residence, and explains how these classifications affect protection, documentation, access to services, work, education, and protection from refoulement. The study reviews the applicable international and national legal frameworks, including international refugee law, international human rights law, international humanitarian law, the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, and Yemen’s national policy on internal displacement. It also assesses key protection gaps inside Yemen and among Yemenis abroad, with selected case studies on Egypt, Jordan, Somalia, and Ethiopia. The study argues that effective response requires moving from short-term humanitarian management toward rights-based and durable solutions, including updated national displacement policy, civil documentation, interoperable data systems, local recovery, consular protection, bilateral arrangements with host states, and measurable conditions for voluntary, safe, and dignified return.</jats:p>