Abstract
<jats:p>Obesity constitutes one of the main public health problems of today, with a significant increase across different populations and a strong impact on morbidity, mortality, and healthcare systems. It is a multifactorial condition, strongly influenced by social, economic, cultural, and environmental determinants that create obesogenic environments and limit healthy choices. This chapter aimed to analyze, through a narrative literature review, obesity as a public health issue and to discuss multisectoral prevention strategies. The search was conducted in the PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect, and LILACS databases, including studies published between 2015 and 2025. The results indicate that isolated, individual-centered interventions have limited impact, whereas integrated strategies involving health, education, regulation of the food industry, urban planning, and social protection policies demonstrate greater effectiveness in preventing obesity. Key actions include promoting healthy eating, regulating food advertising, encouraging physical activity, and creating health-supportive environments. It is concluded that addressing obesity requires multisectoral, sustainable approaches that are sensitive to social inequalities, and which are essential to reduce the burden of the disease and promote population health.</jats:p>