Abstract
<jats:p>Thermal insulation of buildings is a crucial factor in improving their energy efficiency. Up to 30-40% of heat loss occurs through building envelopes, particularly through walls. The use of energy-efficient thermal insulation materials can significantly reduce heat leakage, lower energy consumption, and ensure a stable and comfortable indoor environment. Therefore, minimizing heat loss is a priority in the construction and renovation of residential buildings. This practical study aims to analyze the use of modern high-performance thermal insulation materials in order to improve the energy efficiency of buildings. The study includes an experimental examination of the properties and performance characteristics of current thermal insulation solutions. The methodological basis of the study combines theoretical and applied methods used in the practice of design and construction, taking into account the accumulated professional experience and the results of experimental tests. The effectiveness of thermal insulation materials is assessed based on the coefficient of thermal conductivity (λ): the lower the value, the higher the material's ability to reduce heat transfer and minimize heat loss. The key principle of action is to reduce heat transfer by incorporating air or gas-filled cavities in the material's structure (microporous or cellular structure), which act as barriers to the flow of heat. In the course of the study and within the framework of this article, a comparative analysis of the physical and technical characteristics of thermal insulation materials, including aerogel, cellulose, and reflective insulation, was conducted, and their price offers on the market of the Republic of Kazakhstan were reviewed. Additionally, the properties of the modern building block "FINNBLOCK" were studied, which is designed for building walls without the use of additional insulation and finishing, making it a promising alternative to traditional building materials.</jats:p>