Abstract
<jats:p>This textbook explores the environmental aspects of product and service design, aiming to introduce design students to fundamental principles and tools for reducing negative ecological impacts. It posits that designers play a critical role during the initial stages of development, where key decisions regarding material composition, functional concepts, and life cycle scenarios—including maintenance and disposal—are made. The text examines various levels of intervention, ranging from technical optimizations for eco-efficiency to systemic approaches such as Life Cycle Design and Product-Service Systems (PSS). A central finding is that universal solutions do not exist; effective decision-making must be context-specific and informed by Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to identify environmental 'hot spots.' Furthermore, the author addresses the complexities of materials and packaging, noting that simple material substitution is often insufficient without broader systemic consideration. Due to current technological and economic constraints, the focus remains on the optimization, reduction, and efficient use of resources rather than solely on biological alternatives. Additionally, the textbook provides an overview of ecological certifications and legislative frameworks as practical support for designers. Ultimately, the work establishes a firm foundation in eco-efficiency and systemic thinking, serving as an essential methodological framework to prepare students for qualified decision-making amidst contemporary environmental challenges</jats:p>