Abstract
<jats:p>The article analyzes the influence of technological parameters on surface quality and productivity during the machining of conical surfaces on CNC lathes using a system-based approach. The machining process is shown to be multi-parameter, interconnected, and non-stationary. Surface roughness is formed not only by geometric factors but also by deformation, thermal, and tribological effects. Feed rate is identified as the dominant parameter, while cutting speed and depth of cut have mainly indirect effects. The variation of diameter causes local changes in cutting speed, limiting the applicability of classical models. The trade-off between surface quality and productivity is formulated as a multicriteria optimization problem and addressed using the Pareto approach. The potential of artificial intelligence methods is also justified.</jats:p>