O‘ZBEKISTONDA KARBONAT ANGIDRID EMISSIYASINING MAKROIQTISODIY DETERMINANTLARI: ARDL YONDASHUVI, MACROECONOMIC DRIVERS OF CARBON EMISSIONS IN UZBEKISTAN: AN ARDL APPROACH, МАКРОЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ДЕТЕРМИНАНТЫ ВЫБРОСОВ УГЛЕКИСЛОГО ГАЗА В УЗБЕКИСТАНЕ: ПОДХОД ARDL

<jats:p>This paper provides an empirical analysis of the impact of economic growth, industrial development, foreign direct investment, and energy consumption on carbon dioxide emissions in Uzbekistan over the period 1991-2024, employing the ARDL and ECM frameworks. The results indicate that, in both the long and short run, economic growth is associated with improvements in environmental efficiency, whereas foreign direct investment is predominantly concentrated in emission-intensive sectors. The findings highlight the need to enhance industrial policy through strengthened institutional and investment mechanisms.</jats:p>