Abstract
<jats:p>Silybum marianum L., a member of the Asteraceae family, is one of the most valuable medicinal plants, highly regarded for its abundance of bioactive compounds and diverse pharmacological applications. Native to the Mediterranean region, the species has spread globally, demonstrating remarkable ecological adaptability and resistance to unfavourable pedoclimatic conditions. The main phytochemical constituent, silymarin, is a complex of flavonolignans predominantly silibinin, isosilibinin, silychristin, and silydianin, which exhibit potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties. In addition to these compounds, the plant contains phenolic acids, flavonoids, unsaturated fatty acids, proteins, and fibres, all contributing to its high therapeutic and nutritional value. Silymarin acts by stabilising hepatocyte membranes, inhibiting toxin penetration, and stimulating cellular regeneration, while also exhibiting antidiabetic effects through enhanced insulin sensitivity and antitumoral activity via the induction of malignant cell apoptosis. Recent advances in modern extraction techniques and nanotechnological formulations have significantly improved the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of silymarin, supporting its clinical use. From an agronomic perspective, S. marianum is a sustainable species with low water and nutrient requirements, suitable for ecological cultivation systems. By integrating its therapeutic, biotechnological, and environmental value, Silybum marianum emerges as a model species with significant potential for research and phytotherapy in the 21st century.</jats:p>