Abstract
<jats:p>Family planning and infertility are two fundamental areas of reproductive health that exist within the same continuum but are often addressed separately. This chapter aims to comprehensively examine the conceptual and structural relationship between family planning and infertility within a biopsychosocial framework, covering not only the medical dimensions of infertility but also its psychological, cultural, and social impacts. The chapter covers the basic concepts of family planning, modern and traditional methods, global policies, and their relationship with reproductive health services. The definition of infertility, its causes, diagnosis, and treatment processes are presented in line with the current literature. In addition, the psychological effects of infertility on individuals and couples, its connections to marital relationships and sexual life are evaluated; psychosocial consequences such as stress, anxiety, depression, and stigmatization are discussed within a cultural context. The meanings attributed to infertility in different societies, the influence of gender roles, religious and traditional beliefs are examined from an intercultural perspective. In addition, the roles of healthcare professionals in family planning and infertility, their ethical responsibilities, and their position in psychosocial support processes are examined in detail. This chapter emphasizes that reproductive health services should not be limited to biomedical approaches alone; it stresses the importance of a comprehensive approach that incorporates cultural sensitivity, psychosocial support, and a human rights-based perspective. The conceptual framework and current evidence presented aim to provide a theoretical and practical reference source for healthcare professionals, academics, and policymakers working in the field of family planning and infertility.</jats:p>