Abstract
<jats:p>Biofilm-based vaccines are an emerging and promising strategy for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in aquaculture. Unlike conventional injectable vaccines, biofilm-associated antigens can be delivered through oral or immersion routes, simultaneously stimulating both mucosal and systemic immune responses while minimizing handling stress to aquatic animals. This chapter will present the latest advances in biofilm vaccine development, including microbial carrier design, antigen encapsulation, and optimization of delivery systems. Case studies focusing on Vibrio and Aeromonas infections will be discussed to illustrate the mechanisms of immune activation and the practical protection achieved in fish species such as groupers. Additionally, strategies for large-scale biofilm cultivation, antigen preparation, and production optimization will be explored, highlighting their potential contribution to sustainable aquaculture health management.</jats:p>