Abstract
<jats:p>Health equity is the cornerstone and foundation of all health systems. The world faces crucial health challenges of health disparity, inequity, and inequality. Reduction in these disparities is a global agenda. They lead to increased morbidity, mortality, decreased life expectancy, and adverse health outcomes globally. Nearly 4.5 billion people lack access to adequate healthcare, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In the year 2021, global disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from all causes accounted for 2.88 billion population statistics. The framework employed for health disparities was the Kunonga Framework, and the model considered was Fundamental Cause Theory, implicating the disrupted chain between resources, protective factors, and health risks. The social determinants of health in Sustainable Development Goal-3 (SDG-3) are also associated with all the 17 SDGs, comprising poverty, inequality, peace, and environmental goals. The purpose of this chapter is to determine the strategies and interventions that could reduce the challenges of health disparities and inequities by recognizing health gaps and gradients to improve health outcomes. These include universal health coverage, preventive measures, vaccination, screening, elimination of infectious diseases, treatment of non-communicable diseases, and injuries. It also includes integrating technology, climate change policies and grassroots health initiatives. Long-term structural interventions in public health policies, programs, and systems should be implemented by leadership and policymakers. Thus, health equity is achievable through collaboration between healthcare providers, communities, donor agencies, and governments at national, regional, and global levels.</jats:p>