Abstract
<jats:p>Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted significant interest in nanotechnology owing to their distinctive structural, electrical, and mechanical characteristics, as well as their large surface area-to-volume ratio and favorable biocompatibility. CNTs are broadly classified into two types as single-walled and multi-walled. Single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) are rolled form of a single graphene sheet with a hollow cylindrical shape. Multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) consist of multiple concentric graphene cylinders nested inside one another. SWCNTs typically have diameters 0.5–2.0 nm and behave as 1D conductors, either metallic or semiconducting depending on their chirality. Due to their large surface area, CNTs are well-suited for use as catalysts and biosensors in bioanalytical applications. Their surface modifiability also enables their use in a wide range of biomedical applications, including drug delivery, hyperthermia, and bioprotection. This study provides a comprehensive review of the importance of CNT functionalization, its current biomedical and bioanalytical applications, and future perspectives in this field.</jats:p>