Abstract
<jats:p>Personalized medicine, also known as precision medicine, is a modern approach to healthcare that considers individual variations in genes, environment, and lifestyle. By tailoring medical treatment to the unique characteristics of each patient, personalized medicine enhances the ability of healthcare providers to select the most effective therapies, reduce adverse drug reactions, and improve overall treatment outcomes. At the heart of personalized medicine lies pharmacogenomics, a field that merges pharmacology and genomics to understand how genetic variations affect an individual’s response to drugs. By analyzing multiple gene variants and expression profiles, pharmacogenomics enables the customization of drug therapy to optimize efficacy and safety. Despite the availability of numerous effective drugs for treating complex diseases, modern medicine still faces major challenges—one of the most alarming being the high incidence of adverse drug reactions, which are the fourth leading cause of death globally. This underscores the urgent need for more precise and individualized treatment approaches. Pharmacogenomics, a core component of precision medicine, plays a crucial role in this transformation by allowing clinicians to tailor drug therapy based on a patient’s genetic profile. This not only minimizes harmful side effects but also increases the likelihood of successful treatment. To effectively implement pharmacogenomics in clinical practice, healthcare systems should begin with a focused approach—targeting drugs with well-established, actionable gene-drug interactions. Starting with a limited number of high-impact drug-gene pairs and gradually expanding to a more comprehensive service is a practical and scalable strategy for integrating personalized medicine into routine care.</jats:p>