Abstract
<jats:p>The purpose of the presented study is to systematize the main directions of criminal-legal counteraction to corruption offenses in the healthcare sector in the context of the legislation of various EU member states. During the study, an analysis of the directions and models of regulatory and legal support for criminal-legal counteraction to corruption offenses in the healthcare sector in the EU member states was conducted. It was found that at the current stage, two models of legislative support for criminal-legal counteraction to corruption offenses in the healthcare sector are used in the EU, in particular: the coercive model and the liberal-coercive model. It was established that the coercive model is based on the application of norms and provisions of the legislation that provide for criminal liability of offenders and the application of tools of the system of organizational measures to counter the commission of offenses in the healthcare sector. The EU member states considered in the study implement the specified model, and individual reforms that took place in their legislative system are aimed at strengthening punitive measures against manifestations of corruption in the specified sector. It was determined that the establishment of a coercive model in the EU member states was mainly formed on the basis of general social attitudes regarding the inadmissibility of corruption and the provisions of national and supranational (regional) EU legislation on combating corruption, rather than on more liberal international legislation. The specified features of lawmaking are characteristic of modern legislative models of regulating counteraction to corruption offenses in the EU member states. It was also proven that the second model of legislative support for criminal law counteraction to corruption offenses in the healthcare sector is liberal-coercive. It was found that the specified model is determined by the provisions of international legislation in the healthcare sector, in particular, the MEDICRIME Convention. The reference to this model takes into account both the criminalization of corruption and the need to improve the awareness of medical professionals regarding the prevention of actions that can be qualified at the legal level as corruption, and it also concerns information campaigns related to the preventive protection of citizens regarding the prevention of threats that may arise due to the risks of corruption in the health sector. The paper concludes on the need to develop preventive and educational measures that determine the need for a reference to prevent corruption in the sector.</jats:p>