Abstract
<jats:p>Surgical treatment of thyroid diseases (hemithyroidectomy, subtotal resection, total thyroidectomy, and lymph node dissection) represents one of the most commonly performed areas in modern endocrine surgery. Despite significant improvements in surgical safety, postoperative complications remain a relevant clinical problem. These include hypocalcemia/hypoparathyroidism, injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), damage to the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN), postoperative bleeding/hematoma, infection, dysphagia, thyrotoxic crisis (rare), airway-related complications, and conditions affecting long-term quality of life. This article describes the classification, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, risk factors, and modern approaches to the prevention and management of these complications. Representative studies from European and CIS countries are reviewed, with particular emphasis on the practical clinical setting in Uzbekistan. Additionally, a comparative analysis of postoperative complications based on our surgical experience is presented.</jats:p>