Abstract
<jats:p>Obesity and overweight are chronic diseases mainly associated with lifestyle, poor diet, epigenetic, and genetic factors, with an estimated 3.0 billion obese people in the world by 2030. In this sense, nutrition establishes nutritional treatments and diets for the treatment of obesity, given that the global prevalence of obesity has increased substantially in the last 40 years. In this scenario, the importance of more advanced treatments for obesity and its comorbidities through the Human Genome Project (HGP), genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics stands out. The HGP analysis identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that establish the production of proteins with altered functions, thus interfering with the balance between health and disease. SNPs can influence an individual's response to food. Different "omics" disciplines have emerged, notably nutrigenomics, which seeks to investigate the influences of nutrients and bioactive compounds in food on how genes are expressed and how variations in the genome influence how an individual responds to diet. Nutrients can trigger beneficial or detrimental molecular effects, depending on the individual's genetic makeup and which genes have altered activity. Therefore, this e-book aimed to present the state of the art of precision nutrition and major diets in the treatment of obesity and comorbidities.</jats:p>