Abstract
<jats:p>Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) poses a significant public health challenge globally, particularly in developing countries such as Nigeria. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of residents in the Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC) regarding HBV prevention and screening. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 401 residents of AMAC. Participants were systematically selected from households in urban and rural areas. Data were collected using a structured, closed-ended questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics and KAP regarding HBV. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using SPSS version 25. Results: Of the respondents, 51.6% were female and 48.4% were male, with the majority (60.1%) residing in urban areas. The overall knowledge rate was 56.6%, with notable gaps in understanding HBV transmission and prevention. Attitude toward HBV prevention was predominantly positive (68.1%), with strong support for vaccination and healthy practices. The practice rate was 66.4%, indicating good adherence to preventive measures such as vaccination and avoidance of risky behaviors. Significant positive correlations were observed among knowledge, attitude, and practice levels (knowledge-attitude: r = .656, p < .01; attitude-practice: r = .616, p < .01). Factors significantly associated with higher KAP scores included education level, marital status, and age. Conclusion: The findings reveal gaps in HBV-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Higher education and positive marital life experiences contribute to better awareness and proactive health behaviors. Public health interventions must address these disparities by promoting comprehensive education and tailored outreach to improve HBV prevention and screening outcomes.</jats:p>