Abstract
<jats:p>The study examines the demographic and religious transformations that took place among the Armenian population in the historical province of Tayk during the 16th–17th centuries. Particular attention is given to the Armenian-populated district of Tortum, which was part of the Erzurum province during the period under consideration. Methods and Materials: The research employs historical-comparative methods, as well as the analysis and correlation of primary sources. Analysis: Based on primary sources and the Ottoman tax registers, the study provides a comprehensive analysis of population dynamics, the complex structure of rural and urban households, and the development of ethno-confessional demography under conditions of extensive political and military pressure. The available data indicate that during this period Tayk experienced a profound demographic crisis, characterized by a significant decline in the total population. Many villages were depopulated or fell under the influence of Muslim immigrants. Those events were accompanied by significant religious changes that led to the gradual Islamisation of part of the Armenian population and the transformation of the Christian majority into a minority. The study also explores the factors that contributed to those processes, including wars, resettlements, and the Ottoman Empire’s taxation policy. Results: In the first half of the 17th century, Tayk underwent adeep demographic crisis that resulted in a reduction of the region’s population by nearly two-thirds. Parallel to this process, profound ethno-religious transformations occurred: the formerly dominant Christian majority gradually turned into a minority, while the Muslim element established absolute predominance. Authors' contribution: The article was written through the joint efforts of the authors.</jats:p>