Modern approaches to the creation of self-healing concrete using Bacillus and Sporosarcina bacteria

<jats:p>The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of modern biotechnologies for concrete self-healing based on microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP). The authors consider the mechanisms of biochemical activity of bacteria, including strains of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Sporosarcina pasteurii. Particular attention is paid to methods of encapsulating microorganisms and nutrient substrates to ensure the viability of bacteria in the highly alkaline environment of the cement matrix. The paper highlights key factors affecting the effectiveness of biomineralisation and promising areas for the development of self-healing building materials technology.</jats:p>