Abstract
<jats:p>CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing has rapidly advanced agriculture by enabling precise, efficient, and stable crop genome changes without introducing foreign DNA. This chapter reviews key developments and applications for improving yield, nutritional quality, disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and post-harvest traits. Reported examples include drought-tolerant maize, iron/vitamin-enriched rice, low-gluten wheat, and disease-resistant potato and grape. Emerging platforms such as base and prime editing expand options for safer, more accurate edits. Regulatory and public acceptance is growing, with approvals and commercialization increasing in countries such as the United States, Canada, Brazil, and Japan. Beyond biosafety, gene editing can reduce chemical inputs and support environmental and economic gains. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the need for responsible governance, ethics, and equitable access—especially in developing regions—to realize sustainable agriculture and food security.</jats:p>