Abstract
<jats:p>The integration of generative artificial intelligence into software engineering is reshaping how programming work is carried out, learned, and assessed. AI-assisted tools now automate many tasks that once defined technical expertise, including coding, debugging, and testing. While this shift offers clear efficiency and productivity benefits, it also raises important concerns about deskilling, growing cognitive dependence on automated systems, and the weakening of foundational programming knowledge. At the same time, generative AI opens new pathways for reskilling by moving human effort toward higher-level activities such as oversight, critical reasoning, and system-level design. This chapter examines these parallel processes of deskilling and reskilling in AI-augmented software engineering, focusing on their effects on cognitive engagement, professional identity, and learning pathways.</jats:p>