Abstract
<jats:p>This chapter asserts the climate crisis presents an urgent challenge to global OHS systems, which fail to address climate risks and structural inequities. The objective is to offer actionable strategies and identify research priorities for vulnerable populations. The chapter details how climate change harms workers through direct hazards like extreme heat and extreme weather, and indirect psychosocial stressors. Vulnerabilities are mapped across climate-sensitive sectors: agriculture, construction, and informal labor. Addressing this requires a shift toward a climate-adaptive safety paradigm, integrating ILO/WHO frameworks with ESG reporting. Effective safeguarding demands combining regulatory reform, workplace adaptation, and technological innovation, including wearable sensors and AI-driven analytics, for real-time risk assessment. Ultimately, the chapter advocates for sustained intersectoral collaboration and long-term, equity-centered strategies to ensure worker protection.</jats:p>