Abstract
<jats:p>This chapter explores the approach of the International Labour Organization (ILO) to occupational health and safety (OHS) from a historical perspective. It begins by examining the ILO's founding vision in 1919, the role of OHS within its overall mission, the development of international conventions and standards over time, and the significance of Conventions No. 155 and 187. Subsequently, the impacts of the ILO's 2022 recognition of a safe and healthy working environment as the fifth fundamental principle and right at work will be examined, along with debates concerning its binding nature for countries that have not ratified the relevant conventions Following this, the focus shifts to the ILO's new OHS strategy introduced in 2023, highlighting its key components and preventive approach. Finally, the intersection of OHS with the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is addressed, with particular attention to issues such as health, gender equality, decent work, and poverty reduction.</jats:p>