Abstract
<jats:p>The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into healthcare presents transformative opportunities and profound ethical challenges that require continuous oversight and moral reflection. This chapter critically examines the ethical foundations necessary for responsible and sustainable AI use in medical contexts, tracing its evolution from early expert systems to deep learning applications influencing clinical decision-making. Grounded in the biomedical ethics of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice, the discussion extends these principles to algorithmic transparency, bias mitigation, accountability, and equitable access to AI-driven healthcare. Key concerns of data privacy, patient safety, cybersecurity, and regulatory compliance under frameworks such as HIPAA, GDPR, WHO guidelines, and the EU AI Act are explored. By reviewing notable AI failures, including IBM Watson for Oncology and the DeepMind–Royal Free data-sharing case, the chapter underscores the essential need for continuous ethical governance throughout the AI lifecycle in healthcare.</jats:p>