Abstract
<jats:p>Pranayama, the Yogic discipline of regulated breathing, has evolved from a spiritual practice into a scientifically recognized method for supporting mental and neurological health. This chapter examines its neuroplastic potential by outlining effects on major brain regions and networks, while summarizing key Pranayama techniques and their physiological signatures. Evidence indicates improvements in parasympathetic activation, heart rate variability, cortisol modulation, and emotional–cognitive regulation. Integrating recent advances in contemplative and clinical neuroscience, the chapter highlights technology-supported breathwork, trauma-responsive approaches informed by polyvagal theory, and individualized applications based on autonomic profiling. It also clarifies distinctions between established neural biomarkers and emerging theoretical claims of structural change. Overall, the chapter positions Pranayama as an accessible, non-invasive, and increasingly personalized neuromodulatory tool within the broader “Neuro-Yogic Paradigm.”</jats:p>