Abstract
<jats:p>The chapter examines the impact of inhaling particulate matter (PM) on the potential health of vehicle drivers, with a focus on the mediating role of respiratory deposition doses. The quantitative research method attempts to solve the problem through a two-step process, involving Model 1 for the first-order constructs and Model 2 for the measurement of the second-order constructs. The study focused on Mardan, a city in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, due to its rapid urbanization and increasing IPM. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, as well as SmartPLS-SEM. The study results revealed that inhalation of particulate matter has a significant, direct positive effect on potential health. Respiratory deposition doses mediate the relationship between the inhalation of particulate matter and potential health effects. In conclusion, IPM is one of the most hazardous chemical substances for both long-term exposure (LTE) and short-term exposure (STE) in terms of health potential and respiratory deposition doses (RDD).</jats:p>