Rainbow Trout: From Molecular Foundations and Physiological Insights to Aquaculture Strategies, Sustainability and Comparative Genomics

<jats:p>The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) has emerged as one of the most extensively studied and economically significant fish species in modern aquaculture and aquatic biology. Its remarkable adaptability to diverse environmental conditions, combined with its well-characterized genetic background, has positioned it as a model organism for investigating fundamental biological processes and applied aquaculture practices. This book aims to provide a comprehensive and integrative overview of rainbow trout biology, bridging multiple levels of biological organization— from molecular foundations to organismal physiology and large-scale aquaculture systems. Particular emphasis is placed on understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate growth, metabolism, immune responses, and stress adaptation, offering insights into how these processes are coordinated at the cellular and systemic levels. In addition, the book explores the physiological responses of rainbow trout to environmental variables, including temperature fluctuations, oxygen availability, and exposure to pollutants. These stressors are examined within the context of environmental change, highlighting their implications for fish health, welfare, and productivity in aquaculture systems. Advances in genomics and high-throughput technologies have revolutionized our understanding of fish biology. Therefore, this volume also integrates genomic and omics-based approaches to elucidate gene function, regulatory networks, and adaptive responses. Such insights are essential for improving selective breeding programs, enhancing disease resistance, and optimizing sustainable aquaculture practices. By combining molecular biology, physiology, environmental science, and aquaculture, this book seeks to serve as a valuable resource for researchers, students, and professionals in fisheries science, aquaculture, and related disciplines. Ultimately, it aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of rainbow trout biology and to support the development of innovative and sustainable strategies in fish production and environmental management.</jats:p>