Abstract
<jats:p>Представлены результаты исследований по терморазгону двух видов литий-ионных аккумуляторов – Li-Ni-Co-Mn (NMCA) и LiFePO4 (LFP) аккумуляторов. Образцы литий-ионных аккумуляторов подвергались перезаряду электрическим током, воздействию пламени внешнего источника пожара, короткому замыканию, механическому воздействию. Все эти воздействия приводили к началу теплового разгона литий-ионных аккумуляторов. Характер последующего протекания разгона зависел от химической природы электролита аккумуляторов: для литий-никель-кобальт-марганец аккумуляторной батареи он сопровождался газовыделением, легко переходящим в горение, а для литий-железо-фосфатной аккумуляторной батареи такой переход возможен только при наличии внешнего источника высокой температуры. Результаты исследований имеют важное значение для повышения безопасности применения литий-ионных аккумуляторов в различных отраслях техники и повышения пожарной безопасности помещений для их зарядки и хранения.</jats:p> <jats:p>The article presents the research results on thermal dispersal of two types of lithium-ion batteries (LIA) – Li-Ni-Co-Mn (NMCA) и LiFePO4 (LFP) batteries. As the LIA was introduced, cases of fires and explosions caused by thermal overclocking became more frequent. Thermal acceleration of batteries within a battery is an exothermic decomposition reaction of battery components with continuous heat generation in conditions where the amount of heat generated exceeds the amount of heat dissipating into the environment. The causes of thermal acceleration can be thermal, electrical, or mechanical effects from outside and inside the LIA [1, 2]. The result of such thermal acceleration can be the combustion and explosion of LIA [3–6]. LIA samples were exposed to the following types of effects: - electric charging of single cells, groups of several cells and batteries of both types of LIA; - short circuit using the 3-pole switch of the YELLOW TP240 cabinet LFP; - the effect of the flame of an external fire source on a group of elements of both types of LIA; - mechanical impact – puncture of the battery cell (LFP) with a “spike”. It has been established, that all types of impacts lead to the onset of thermal acceleration of the LIA. The nature of the subsequent thermal acceleration depends on the chemical nature of the electrolyte LIA. Thus, thermal acceleration of NMCA is accompanied by abundant gas release, which easily turns into combustion, and in the case of LFP this process proceeds more calmly and the transition to combustion is possible only if there is an external source of high temperature. The conducted research has shown that LIA storage and charging facilities should be equipped with high-speed automatic fire extinguishing systems to minimize the risk of fire damage to LIA buildings. The research results are important for improving the safety of lithium-ion batteries in various industries, as well as for improving the fire safety of charging and storage facilities.</jats:p>