Abstract
<jats:p>Рассмотрены процессы формирования водородно-воздушных облаков, образующихся при проливе жидкого водорода. В основе численного решения задачи лежит приближенная к реальной физическая схема, в соответствии с которой осуществляется смешение холодного легкого газа (водорода) с окружающим атмосферным воздухом, а процесс смешения считается адиабатическим и изобарическим. Сопоставление результатов численных расчетов с экспериментальными данными маломасштабных проливов жидкого водорода свидетельствует об удовлетворительном описании представленных процессов.</jats:p> <jats:p>The formation of hydrogen-air clouds resulting from liquid hydrogen spills has been investigated both analytically and experimentally. The mixing of cold light gas (hydrogen) with ambient air was numerically simulated using a physically based model. Comparison of the numerical results with experimental data from small-scale liquid hydrogen spills demonstrates satisfactory agreement, confirming the model's ability to describe the real physical processes involved. To assess the hazardous volume of the flammable mixture, the transverse profile of hydrogen mass concentration in the gas jet and the air entrainment coefficients into the hydrogen jet were determined both experimentally and analytically. These coefficients enable wind load to be taken into account. The experimental and calculated values of the explosive mass of the hydrogen-air cloud show good correlation. The velocity distribution across the cross-section of the buoyant jet followed a Gцrtler profile, and the velocity and concentration profiles were found to be similar. The effect of air humidity on the jet parameters was analyzed quantitatively. Humidity significantly affects gas-air cloud formation, leading to a sharp decrease in hydrogen mass concentration with increasing cloud height. The dependence of hydrogen concentration on the cloud axis as a function of height was established, allowing determination of the distance from the liquid hydrogen spill surface to the point where the combustible gas-air mixture becomes fire-safe. Thus, using the proposed model and accounting for atmospheric conditions (wind load, humidity), the key parameters of explosive hydrogen clouds formed during quasi-steady evaporation of liquid hydrogen at arbitrary flow rates can be predicted, including volume, mass, elevation, and jet radius. Keywords: hydrogen-air cloud, cloud and atmospheric parameters, numerical solution</jats:p>