Abstract
<jats:p>Полярные горючие жидкости в настоящее время классифицированы по группам. Среди них присутствуют две группы – простые и сложные эфиры. Для каждой группы, согласно нормам UL-162, выделены тестовые топлива, на которых рекомендуется отрабатывать нормы тушения для различных типов пенообразователей. Группу сложных эфиров представляет бутилацетат, а простые эфиры – изопропиловый эфир. Диметиловый и метил-трет-бутиловый эфиры в группе простых эфиров выделены в отдельную подгруппу. Для получения значений нормативной интенсивности по тушению эфиров выполнены экспериментальные исследования на модельных очагах горения площадью 4,58 м2. Выявлено, что давление насыщенных паров рассмотренных горючих жидкостей существенным образом влияет на процесс их тушения, а для тушения метил-трет-бутилового эфира требуются специальные спиртоустойчивые пенообразователи с низкой вязкостью.</jats:p> <jats:p>Polar flammable liquids are classified into seven groups: alcohols, ketones, esters, carboxylic acids, amines, aldehydes, ethers. Recommendations for extinguishing polar flammable liquids stored in tanks, which are common for all seven groups of polar liquids, have been developed for AFFF/AR blowing agent. At the same time, it is experimentally proved that the intensities of blowing agent solutions supply proposed in these recommendations differ significantly for various above-mentioned groups. The paper presents the results of the experimental study of combustion and extinguishing processes of ethers and esters. In accordance with UL162 standard, a square pallet with the area of 4.58 m2and board thickness of 6 mm was chosen as a model foci of combustion. According to the same standard the test fuel for the group of esters is butyl acetate, and for ethers is isopropyl ether and methyl tert-butyl ether separated in a separate subgroup. During the study of combustion of the listed esters the temperatures of the pallet sides and heat fluxes from the flame torch were measured, AFFF/AR 3 % and S/AR 6 % compositions of domestic producers were chosen as blowing agents. As a result of the performed experiments it is shown that esters give higher values of heating of the model combustion hearth sides (up to 700 °C) than ethers, and their flame torches differ practically in 2 times in geometrical sizes and intensity of heat emission. For butyl acetate, the standard intensity In = 0.42 l ∙ m–2 ∙ s–1and the specific consumption rate of SGP qud = 60.26 l ∙ m–2. For isopropyl ether, In = 0.72 l ∙ m–2 ∙ s–1 for an AFFF/AR of 3 %. Extinguishing of methyl tert-butyl ether using the above blowing agents has not been achieved. Special blowing agents with low viscosity must be used for its extinguishing. The saturated vapor pressure has a significant influence on the extinguishing process of ethers and esters.</jats:p>