Abstract
<jats:p>Background. In dental practice, disorders of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and masticatory muscles are highly prevalent, affecting up to 80% of the population. Nevertheless, their diagnosis often remains subjective, relying primarily on palpation and patient-reported complaints. Existing isolated diagnostic methods fail to provide a comprehensive assessment of the functional state of the masticatory musculature, which necessitates the development of new objective diagnostic approaches. Main Contents. In accordance with the aim and objectives of the study, an analysis of the scientific literature on surface electromyography and myotonometry was conducted, including their hardware implementation and clinical relevance in the diagnosis of masticatory muscle disorders. Sex- and age-related differences in the electrical and mechanical activity of the masticatory muscles were examined based on anatomical reference sources and clinical data. Conclusion. The design of a diagnostic device integrating surface electromyography and myotonometry represents a relevant and promising direction in the development of objective diagnostic dentistry. Synchronous registration of electrical and mechanical activity of the masticatory muscles within a single temporal cycle enables, for the first time, a holistic biomechanical assessment of their functional state.</jats:p>