Analysis of McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y and their influence on working conditions in small and medium-sized enterprises [SMEs] in the commercial and service sectors

<jats:p>This study analyzes the influence of McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y on the working conditions of employees in SMEs within the commercial and service sectors in the Lagunera region of Coahuila, Mexico. Using a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional design, a questionnaire was administered to 141 participants. Exploratory factor analysis and regression through structural equation modeling were performed using SMART PLS and SPSS. The results indicate that both theories significantly impact on working conditions, with Theory Y showing a stronger positive influence [ = 0.600]. The study concludes that adopting management practices aligned with Theory Y fosters a more collaborative and motivating work environment. It highlights the importance of implementing human resource strategies that promote autonomy and job satisfaction in small and medium-sized enterprises.</jats:p>