Abstract
<jats:p>The article analyzes the psychological-pedagogical and didactic foundations, as well as the practice of profile differentiation of the content of education in primary school, showing that the profile differentiation of the content of education is an effective means of improving the quality of education, development of abilities, skills, interests and cognitive activity of students. Differentiated instruction means that students in the same class are taught at different levels of mastery within the same curriculum and textbook. The defining characteristic is the required level of preparation (the basic level), which is defined by examples of typical problems. This level serves as the foundation for developing a higher level of mastery—the level of ability. An attempt has been made to develop example problems for the final mathematical preparation requirements for students seeking more advanced levels of instruction.</jats:p>