Abstract
<jats:p>This article is devoted to the study of the functional-semantic field of temporality in Chingiz Aitmatov’s novella The White Steamship in Russian, Kyrgyz, and English. The analysis is based on a comparison of the original texts in Russian and Kyrgyz, as well as the English translation. The main focus is on how different linguistic systems express past, present, and future tense. In the Russian version, the past tense predominates, creating a retrospective perspective in the narrative. The present tense is used to convey the emotional experiences of the protagonist and the mythological plots. The future in the Russian text is associated with the boy’s dream of the white steamship and symbolizes hope. In the Kyrgyz text, rich grammatical forms of the past tense, such as –ган/–ген/– кан/–кен, are employed. These forms create a sense of deep historicity and emotional intensity. The present tense in the Kyrgyz version often serves epic or mythological functions. The future is expressed through forms of intention and desire, emphasizing the subjectivity of the protagonist. The epic present allows the legend of Maral-ene to exist outside of chronological constraints. The English translation relies on the Past Simple and Past Continuous, creating a linear and comprehensible narrative for an international reader. The Historical Present in the English version is used to convey mythological scenes. However, many aspectual nuances of the Russian and Kyrgyz texts are smoothed over in the translation. Comparative analysis shows that temporality in different languages conveys distinct perceptions of time and the fate of the characters. The Russian text emphasizes the contrast between the external and internal time of the protagonist. The Kyrgyz text reflects cyclicity and connection with cultural traditions. The English version renders the text universal and linear but loses part of its emotional coloration. Time in the novella functions not only as a grammatical category but also as a philosophical category expressing Aitmatov’s worldview. Thus, the study demonstrates that linguistic differences significantly influence the perception of a literary text and the depth of meanings associated with temporality.</jats:p>