Abstract
<jats:p>This study was conducted in the experimental research laboratory of the Department of Veterinary Medicine of the Agrarian and Technological Institute of the Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia from 2023 to 2026. The aim of this study was to evaluate surgical approaches to the liver, its lobes, and the gallbladder in domestic cats of various breeds aged 2 to 5 years. To achieve this goal, a combination of macro- and micromorphological methods (macro- and micro-preparation, morphometry, merometry, stereometry, and light microscopy) was used, followed by analysis of the structures under study and statistical processing. The study revealed that the most optimal approaches to the right lobe of the liver are quadrats 1a (lateral) and 1b (medial), to the caudate lobe – 2a, to the quadratus – 2g, and to the left – 2b. Regarding the gallbladder, the most optimal approach to its body is square 1b. These results must be considered not only during surgery but also during laparoscopy, as they serve as reference points for surgical treatment in animals. Using coordinate-figure merometry, it is possible not only to perform layer-by-layer dissection and description, taking into account all the topographic and anatomical features of a given animal species and paying particular attention to the organ being studied, but also to determine the optimal approaches to the internal organs during laparoscopy. Therefore, the optimal surgical approach to the liver lobes (right or left) in cats is paramedian laparotomy along a segmental line running along the costal margin (right or left). In this case, the skin is incised along the fibers of the external oblique muscle. Morphometric and stereometric studies revealed that the epigastric abdominal wall in cats is divided into three main layers: the upper (cutaneous-fascial), the middle (tendon-muscular), and the lower (fascial-parietal). These layers are separated by loose connective tissue containing lipid layers that increase in size with age. Thus, the obtained results provide the basis for developing optimal surgical approaches to the liver lobes and gallbladder in domestic cats with gastrointestinal pathology.</jats:p>