Abstract
<jats:p>The article provides a religious studies analysis of personalist anthropology in contemporary Orthodox theology within the context of profound sociocultural transformations caused by the Russian–Ukrainian war. It examines anthropological interpretations of human existence as an ontologically significant dimension of theological reflection and outlines the value foundations of personhood rooted in the doctrinal tradition of Orthodoxy. Particular attention is paid to the interrelation between theological-anthropological concepts, ecclesiological models, and forms of collective identity. In the context of wartime reality, personalist anthropology acquires particular analytical relevance, as it enables critical reflection on religious narratives involved in the legitimation of violence and the ideologization of the sacred. The study demonstrates that the anthropological dimension of contemporary Orthodox theology functions as a conceptual framework for understanding the human being, capable of counteracting processes of dehumanization, the devaluation of human life, and the substitution of personal responsibility with collectivist constructs.</jats:p>