Abstract
<jats:p>An analysis of scientific and methodological literature confirms the key role of physical therapy in the treatment of chronic nonspecific neck pain. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the effectiveness of certain intervention methods. The object of this study is to analyze and systematize data on physical therapy methods that have proven effectiveness in the treatment of chronic nonspecific neck pain. Chronic nonspecific neck pain is a heterogeneous condition that may be driven by biomechanical, neurophysiological, and psychological factors, or their combination. It has been established that in cases of reduced activation of the deep neck flexor muscles, deep flexor training, strength and motor control development programs are effective. Therapeutic exercises to correct the position and movements of the scapula have been found to reduce neck pain in cases of altered scapular kinematics. Global postural retraining and proprioceptive exercises have been shown to be effective in improving sensorimotor control and proprioception. In the management of myofascial pain syndrome, trigger point compression, dry needling, myofascial release, instrument-assisted tissue mobilization, and post-isometric relaxation are used, although evidence quality ranges from moderate to low. Inclusion of breathing exercises in a physical therapy program may help to reduce pain intensity. Adding manual therapy to a therapeutic exercise program is associated with greater effectiveness in treating non-specific neck pain. Combined therapeutic exercise programs have the most significant impact on pain, functional status and quality of life, and in the long term, multimodal programs that integrate individually tailored physiotherapy interventions and patient education show the best results.</jats:p>