Abstract
<jats:p>The paper substantiates theoretical and applied approaches to optimizing the management of HACCP prerequisite programs in grain supply logistics chains under conditions of structural transformation of export routes and increased food safety risks. The relevance of the study is driven by Ukraine’s European integration commitments, the mandatory implementation of HACCP principles, and the destabilization of traditional logistics caused by wartime challenges, which significantly increase the probability of contamination, quality deterioration, and loss of traceability of grain products. The purpose of the research is to develop a mathematical model for optimizing management processes in the implementation of HACCP prerequisite programs in grain logistics chains, ensuring a high level of food safety while minimizing managerial and operational costs. The methodological framework is based on a systems approach and includes expert assessment and ranking of 13 HACCP prerequisite programs, Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), mathematical and functional modeling, and RACI matrix analysis. Expert evaluation results revealed that the prerequisite program “Storage and Transportation” has the highest critical importance (weight coefficient 0.25), followed by supplier specifications and raw material control (0.20). Risk-oriented analysis using the FMEA method demonstrated that transportation and storage processes have the highest Risk Priority Number (RPN = 0.320), mainly due to difficulties in detecting hidden hazards under alternative logistics routes and increased handling operations. Based on these findings, a nonlinear mathematical model of total management costs was developed, reflecting the relationship between the level of automation, capital investments, operational managerial expenses, and potential losses from safety risks. The study proposes an automated monitoring toolkit based on IoT technologies, including real-time control of temperature, humidity, vehicle integrity, and geolocation, which allows reducing routine managerial workload by 5–7 times while maintaining a target efficiency level of х ≥ 0.99. The implementation of a RACI responsibility assignment matrix enables decentralization of accountability, transferring operational responsibility to logistics and warehouse managers and freeing up to 70% of the working time of quality managers for strategic tasks and audits. The results confirm the economic feasibility of investing in automated food safety management systems in grain logistics and provide practical recommendations for integrating the proposed models into digital agrologistics management ecosystems. </jats:p>