INTERMEDIARY IN BUILDING TRIPLE HELIX COLLABORATION FOR SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES: MARMARA URBAN FORUM (MARUF21)

<jats:p xml:lang="en">This study evaluates the role of intermediary institutions in establishing triple helix collaborations for SDG 11. It focuses on MARUF21 as an international urban forum and analyzes its content and documented interactions among participants. The university emerges as the primary helix actor, while government involvement remains limited. Although some stakeholders reach bilateral consensus, trilateral collaboration is often lacking. MARUF21 facilitates discussions and reflects potential for stronger collaboration. The findings suggest that stakeholders should align on shared goals, act collectively, and improve coordination to enhance the forum’s effectiveness as a knowledge and governance intermediary.</jats:p>