Abstract
<jats:p>The article examines the problem of antonymy as one of the key mechanisms of cognitive and axiological conceptualization in philosophical‑religious discourse, using as its material Abu Nasr al‑Farabi’s treatise “Maqālat ar‑rafīqa fī uṣūl ʿilm aṭ‑ṭabīʿa”. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to reconceptualize antonymy not only as a lexico‑semantic phenomenon, but also as a system‑forming means of meaning‑generation in medieval Arabic texts. The characteristic features of antonymic oppositions are analyzed in cognitive‑discursive and theolinguistic perspectives, which makes it possible to reveal their role in shaping the normative and value orientations of the text. The need for such an analysis is identified and justified by the absence, in existing research, of corpus‑based annotation of antonymy and of a reconstruction of the hierarchy of value levels in the treatise. On the basis of a comprehensive semantic‑cognitive, contextual‑discursive, and componential analysis, the author argues that antonymy functions as a framework for the cognitive organization of the text, linking the natural‑philosophical description to the ethical‑religious norm. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between lexical antonymy and conceptual oppositions that function at the levels of argumentation. It is shown that in a philosophical and religious text, antonymy performs not only a nominative but also a cognitive-organizing function, structuring semantic fields and ensuring the internal connection of the treatise. Based on a comprehensive semantic-cognitive, componential and contextual-discursive analysis, the author suggests that antonymy functions as a framework for the cognitive organization of the text, linking the natural philosophical description with the ethical-religious norm. Of particular significance is the conclusion that the oppositional pairs function as semantic “axes” around which the argumentation of the treatise is structured, enabling a transition from the description of the structure of the world to the interpretation of human responsibility and spiritual choice. The results obtained may be directly employed in further research in cognitive linguistics and theolinguistics, as well as in the development of specialized lexicographic projects. The identified and systematized antonymic oppositions form a reliable empirical basis for the subsequent thesaurus-based description of al-Farabi’s religious vocabulary, making it possible to clarify the structure of key concepts and their axiological interrelations. The proposed annotation of the material and its distribution across semantic levels open up the possibility of a more precise reconstruction ofthe thinker’s conceptual picture of the world and may be used in the preparation of dictionaries, academic courses, and research studies devoted to the language of philosophical and religious discourse. </jats:p>