The development of critical thinking as a pedagogical strategy in the era of information abundance

<jats:p>This chapter explores the transformation of pedagogical approaches in the context of digital information abundance. The author substantiates the need to shift from the classical educational paradigm of knowledge accumulation to a strategy of developing «cognitive immunity». Drawing on J. Baudrillard's concept of simulacra, D. Kahneman's theory of two systems of thinking, and the methodological standards of R. Paul and L. Elder, the paper proposes a toolkit for «intellectual resistance» to algorithmic distortions. Particular attention is paid to D. Halpern's four-stage model and the implementation of «slow reading» and «zones of intellectual discomfort» practices as ways to overcome fragmentation of consciousness and restore learner agency in the age of hyperreality.</jats:p>