Abstract
<jats:p>The author emphasizes that amid the global demographic transition of the 2020s, population aging is becoming a defining challenge for the sustainable development of national economies. This chapter examines the impact of changing age structure on labor market performance and long-term economic growth dynamics. The aim of the study is to identify mechanisms for the economic system's adaptation to the increasing share of older age groups and to substantiate strategies for ensuring resilience in the face of a declining working-age population. Labor shortages have been shown to act as a catalyst for accelerated robotization and the implementation of artificial intelligence systems. The integration of age-diversity programs into companies' ESG strategies has been shown to contribute to increased labor productivity. Key risks to long-term GDP associated with declining investment activity and the transformation of consumer demand have been identified. It has been substantiated that economic resilience in the face of an aging population can be achieved not through attempts to artificially «rejuvenate» the workforce, but through the development of a lifelong learning system and the technological substitution of routine operations. The results of the study can be used to adjust state demographic security strategies and corporate talent management policies.</jats:p>