Abstract
<jats:p>The study of the influence of mental states on cognitive development is an important area of modern psychology, particularly in the context of the student environment, where cognitive functions play a key role in academic success. This review examines the theoretical approaches of Russian and international psychologists who have contributed to our understanding of the relationship between mental states and cognitive development. An empirical study is presented. The following psychodiagnostic tools were used in the study: the Correction Test (Bourdon test); Schulte tables; «Memorization of 10 words» (A.R. Luria); the «Relief of Mental State» test by A.O. Prokhorov; a technique for determining speed of thinking; and a technique for studying visual-figurative thinking edited by I.I. Cheremiskina. Regression analysis revealed statistically significant relationships between mental state indicators and cognitive process indicators. The results of the study provide an empirical basis for the development and implementation of scientifically based programs and activities aimed at optimizing the process of adaptation of junior students to the conditions of study at the university.</jats:p>