Abstract
<p>This study analyzes gender parity in Mexican gubernatorial candidacies (2021–2024). Through a comparative analysis of 32 elections, it examines whether regulatory balance in nominations (47% female) has translated into substantive equality in electoral outcomes. Findings reveal a persistent disparity: despite legal compliance, three out of every five votes favored male candidates. Although the electoral gap narrowed between 2021 and the 2022–2024 period, results demonstrate that formal parity is insufficient without transforming civic culture and eradicating gender stereotypes among the electorate. It is concluded that institutional engineering requires complementary policies to ensure substantive representation.</p>
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Keywords
gender
parity
substantive
electoral
study