Abstract
<jats:p>The results of a comprehensive survey of meadow-steppe vegetation at the valuable natural area “Karmaskaly Forest Steppe” (Republic of Bashkortostan) are presented. The syntaxonomical diversity of the vegetation unit system of Eurasia, represented by three classes, four orders, five alliances, and six associations, was revealed for the first time. Coenoflora analysis was conducted, and 142 vascular plant species were noted. Among them, 11 species are endangered and require conservation (5 species included in the Red Books, 4 endemic species from the mountain steppe and rocky endemics groups, and 3 relic species). To estimate the proportion of territory affected by economic activity, a time series analysis of multispectral images of Landsat 5, 7, 8 was performed. An assessment of the distribution of grass, shrub, and tree communities was performed using the classification of Sentinel 2 multispectral images using the random forest algorithm. A high degree of accuracy was achieved in the classification of petrophyte communities. Herbaceous communities cover the majority of the area. Maximum scores in the integral conservation value criterion were achieved by the Stipo pennatae–Centauretum sibiricae association (rocky outcrop vegetation of steep hill slopes), as well as the Artemisio austriacae–Stipetum capillatae (feather grass and oatgrass steppes) association.</jats:p>