The “Tongue–head” phraseological model and linguoculturological aspects in “Kutadgu bilig”

<jats:p>The article offers a comparative analysis of the somatic phraseological model “the red tongue as the foe of the black head” in the Uzbek translation by Qayum Karimov and the English translations by Walter May and Robert Dankoff. Using idiom-translation strategies (calque, idiomatic substitution, explicitation, amplification) and the domestication–foreignization framework, the study evaluates semantic and pragmatic equivalence.</jats:p>