Abstract
<jats:p>Native plants from Brazilian biomes represent an invaluable source of bioactive compounds with significant relevance to biotechnology and human health. Among these species, Trichilia silvatica stands out due to its wide distribution in tropical ecosystems and its complex phytochemical profile, which includes terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, saponins, and phytosterols. These secondary metabolites are known to exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects, making this species a promising candidate for the development of natural therapeutic products. The biological activities associated with Trichilia silvatica have been increasingly investigated in experimental models, particularly in the context of inflammatory and oxidative stress–related disorders. Evidence suggests that extracts from this genus can modulate inflammatory mediators, reduce the production of reactive oxygen species, and regulate key enzymes involved in inflammatory pathways, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). These mechanisms are of particular interest given the central role of oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases. The author, Leonardo Lopes Silveira, with a PhD in Cellular and Structural Biology, brings to this chapter a multidisciplinary scientific background supported by experience in experimental biology, clinical analysis, and research on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Her academic trajectory and scientific production contribute to a critical and integrative discussion of the therapeutic potential of native plant species. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the pharmacological relevance of Trichilia silvatica, highlighting its biotechnological applications and encouraging further research to elucidate its mechanisms of action and validate its clinical potential. By bridging phytochemistry and experimental biology, this work contributes to the advancement of natural-product-based strategies for the management of inflammatory and oxidative diseases.</jats:p>