Abstract
<jats:p>В работе предложен новый гибридный протокол маршрутизации AOHPR (Ad-hoc On-demand Hybrid Proactive-Reactive) для беспроводных самоорганизующихся сетей Ad-hoc. Он реализован на языке C++ в симуляторе NS-2 и сочетает проактивные и реактивные принципы маршрутизации, объединяя сильные стороны протоколов. Протокол разработан в виде класса Agent/AOHPR и интегрируется в симулятор NS2 через механизм Tcl Class. Проведено сравнительное моделирование работы протокола AOHPR с существующими протоколами маршрутизации в сетях Ad-hoc.</jats:p> <jats:p>Introduction. This paper introduces a novel hybrid routing protocol, AOHPR (Ad-hoc On-demand Hybrid Proactive-Reactive), designed for mobile ad hoc networks. The protocol integrates proactive and reactive approaches by implementing mechanisms for local proactivity, adaptive caching, and automatic route restoration. The implementation was realized in the NS-2 simulator using C++ as the Agent/AOHPR class and integrated via the Tcl Class mechanism. The objective of this work is to enhance routing efficiency in wireless ad-hoc networks under conditions of variable node density through the development and analysis of the hybrid AOHPR protocol. Simulation of the proposed protocol in NS-2. As AOHPR is a new hybrid routing protocol not included in the standard NS-2 distribution, its implementation was written in C++, comprising a header file (aohpr.h) and an implementation file (aohpr.cc). This code was integrated into the NS-2 architecture and implements the core functions described in this paper: local proactivity, reactive routing for remote destinations, adaptive caching, and an automatic route recovery mechanism. (The files aohpr.cc and aohpr.h are C++ source codes not part of the standard NS-2 build). Results.A novel hybrid routing protocol, AOHPR (Ad hoc Optimized Hybrid Proactive-Reactive), is proposed. It combines four key principles – local proactivity, a reactive mechanism, adaptive caching, and automatic recovery to improve the efficiency of routing and data transmission in wireless ad-hoc networks. To enable its simulation, the AOHPR protocol was developed in C++ as the Agent/AOHPR class and integrated into the NS-2 simulator via the Tcl Class mechanism. Simulation of the proposed protocol allowed for an evaluation of its performance, confirming its effectiveness in networks with varying node density. The new protocol was compared against existing protocols, such as AODV and OLSR, using metrics including packet delivery delay, packet delivery ratio (PDR), and packet loss ratio. In networks comprising 25–100 nodes with a mobility speed of 5 m/s, the simulation results showed: AOHPR reduces average data transmission delay, particularly in larger networks (≥ 75 nodes), achieving delays as low as 200 ms; AOHPR increases the packet delivery ratio (PDR) by up to 10% compared to AODV and up to 20% compared to OLSR, depending on the network size; AOHPR reduces packet loss by 3–20% relative to AODV and OLSR, attributed to its rapid route restoration capability upon loss of neighboring nodes.</jats:p>